两会是中国最重要的年度政治活动之一，是外界了解中国发展成就、计划、施政方针、外交理念和全球倡议的重要窗口。“两会”为国际社会各界人士提供了一个能近距离观测中国行动并得以认识到中国发展的窗口。
围绕中国提出的“全球发展倡议”和“全球安全倡议”，埃及前外长、北京大学中外人文交流研究基地高级访问研究员纳比尔·法赫米（Nabil Fahmy）在接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示，无论是在发展还是安全方面，中国方案最引人注目之处在于共同利益、相互尊重，以及全面、可持续的问题解决方案。
《环球时报》：正如在3月12日提交给全国人大审议的一份政府工作报告中所述的，中国特色大国外交在过去五年内已被全面推进。我们想知道您是如何理解 “中国特色大国外交”这一概念的？
GT:According to a government work report submitted Sunday to the national legislature for deliberation, major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has been conducted on all fronts over the past five years.How do you understand "major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics?"
法赫米：众所周知，二战结束后，苏联和美国这两个大国曾相互竞争。随着中国的出现，并逐渐在经济、政治上成为了更为突出的国际事务参与者，西方开始注意并担忧中国的崛起。
Fahmy:It goes without saying that since World War II, the Soviet Union and the US, the two major powers, had competed with each other. Then, China emerged and became a much more prominent global player, first economically and then with more political energy as well, which raised eyebrows and some concerns from the West.
西方国家部分人士对中国的崛起表示忧虑，但中国将会越来越多地参与国际事务、在国际上扮演更为重要的角色。我认为中国有意更多地发挥国际影响力是正当且合理的。而且只要是大多数国家都尊重国际法，其实就没必要过于担心中国的崛起。
There were concerns, particularly in the West, but China will play an increasing role.I think China's interest in playing a role is legitimate. And as long as the major powers all respect international law, there is no legitimate reason for them to be concerned about China.
并且，历史上的先例已经告诉我们，政治利益自然而然是和经济利益挂钩的。我们可以看到不仅是原来的欧洲国家，现代西方国家也都是会在追求了经济利益之后追寻更多的政治利益。同理，随着中国的发展，如若其希望在政治事务上多加参与，这并不是一件令人讶异的事，也不是问题所在。现在的首要事项是，我们必须追求实现共同利益和双赢战略，而非零和博弈。
I would also argue that historical precedent has shown us that political interests naturally follow economic interests. That's what happened to the old European countries, as well as exactly what happened to modern Western countries. So it's not surprising that as China develops, it would also want to engage more politically. That's not the issue. The issue is that we must pursue a collective interest and a win-win strategy rather than a zero-sum game.
《环球时报》：您认为中国倡导的“全球发展倡议”和“全球安全倡议”折射了中国什么样的外交哲学？
GT:What do the Global Development Initiative and Global Security Initiative advocated by China reflect China's philosophy?
法赫米：中国越有活力，就越受其他强国的关注，但这不应该成为中国不积极的理由。我认为中国的方案有趣的地方在于，无论是发展还是安全的议题，它们的焦点都在于共同利益、相互尊重，关注的都是全面且可持续的问题解决方案。这些概念是和像我们埃及这样的国家、其他不结盟国家以及发展中国家所采用的理念保持一致的。
Fahmy:The more energetic China becomes, the more the existing major powers will be concerned. But that is not a reason for China not to be energetic.I think what's interesting in the Chinese approach, be that in the development or security component, is the focus on shared interests, the focus on mutual respect, and the focus on comprehensive, sustained solutions.These are concepts that are very consistent with and adopted by countries like mine and by the non-aligned and developing world.
但同时我也认为，中国应该围绕这些倡议进行更为详细的解释及说明，以便能够对其他国家所提出的疑虑作出建设性的回应，并有助于其他国家更好地理解能够如何在这些领域内更好地与中国合作，同时不必担心这只是另一个大国在介入其他地区的事务。
But it is important for China to talk a little bit more about these initiatives, explain them in more details, and do so in different regional environments that allow for a constructive response to concerns raised by others and allow for a better contextual explanation of how one can better cooperate with China in these areas without being afraid that it is just another major power dealing with different parts of the world.
《环球时报》：在中共二十大召开后，您对中国外交的期待是什么？
GT:What are your expectations for China's diplomacy after the 20th National Congress of the CPC?
法赫米：就我过去十多年来对中国的观察来说，不难看出中国变得更乐于发声，更坚定、自信，观点和视角也变得更加全球化。中国正变得越来越全球化，因为它明白，只有作为更大的全球社会的一部分，才能实现自己的目标。也正因如此，中国在和其目标相关的各类全球性问题上乐于发声。而中国方案之所以引人注目，正是因为它是一套全新的理念。
Fahmy:It's clear from following China over the last decade or so that China is becoming more vocal, more assertive, and more global in its perspectives.China is becoming more global because it understands that it can only achieve its goals as part of the larger global community. Therefore, it speaks out on these issues. The Chinese solution is something that has raised eyebrows because it is new.
我认为，中国在支持特定基础设施项目方面做出的重大贡献，甚至在“一带一路”倡议之前的许多项目，都受到发展中国家的高度赞赏。这些都是很好的例子，也是中国在发展的道路上的一些非常自然的成果。我认为中国需要以这些贡献为例进行非常积极主动的解释，而不能采取较为被动的外交策略。既然做了这些重大的项目，并想要在国际社会上扮演重要角色，那就必须要再更直言不讳一些。
I think the significant contributions made by China in support of particular infrastructure projects, even many projects before the Belt and Road Initiative, are much appreciated in the developing world. These are good starting points, and they are a natural consequence of the development in China.China needs to be very vocal and very engaged in explaining this. You cannot have a passive diplomatic approach.If you have major projects and want to play a global role, you must be more vocal.
《环球时报》：在习近平主席的外交理念中，人类命运共同体是一个非常重要的概念。在您看来，这一理念的生命力源于何处？
GT:In President Xi Jinping's diplomatic philosophy, a human community with a shared future is a very important concept. In your opinion, where does the vitality of this idea come from?
法赫米：不同的群体社会是会选取不同的路径、采取不同的理念或反感的。这对我而言非常重要，因为我是联合国的坚定支持者，而《联合国宪章》的本质就体现了我们（全球人类）的共同利益。我们都是国际社会——这一大社会中的成员。因此，我们的利益，从本质来说本就应是共有的，无论是发展还是安全议题都是如此。在发展这一议题上我们需要更多的公平性，更多的可持续性。而在安全这一议题上，我们也需要更加集体化。
Fahmy:Different communities will adopt different approaches. It's important for me because I'm a strong supporter of the UN and the UN Charter that represents the collective nature of our interests.We are all members of one community. Our interests, therefore, should be of a collective nature, be that in development or security.Development needs to be more equitable and more sustainable. And security needs to be more collective as well.
近年来，我们都承受着新冠疫情所带来的种种影响。世界各国对疫情的反应也各不相同。许多发达国家在选择疫苗援助对象时表现出了强烈的民族主义倾向，给人们留下了明显的“双标”印象。而集体主义和人道主义的理念（在这个时候）却没有得到足够的尊重。
Recently, we all suffered from the COVID pandemic. Countries around the world reacted differently. Many of the developed countries were very nationalistic in determining who they supported with the vaccines and who they did not support with the vaccines. It was left with the impression that there were double standards. And the concepts of collectiveness and humanity were not being respected enough.
我坚信每个群体都有权选择自己的生活方式。无论这种方式是什么，政府都应以负责的态度积极响应各群体的诉求。而国家和国家之间也需要相互合作，我们需要尽可能多地就全球合作标准达成一致。这也正是《联合国宪章》以及各类国际协议存在的意义。
I'm a strong believer in each community choosing its own way of living. Whatever that way is, governments have to be responsive to their communities.Different countries need to work together. We need to agree as much as we can on global cooperation standards.That's why we have the UN Charter. That's why we have international agreements.
我认为“民主”在国际关系中是很重要的概念，国家内部的民主很重要，国家与国家之间交往时的民主也很重要。在一开始联合国只有40、50或60个国家时，发达国家们，无论是否是民主国家，普遍都对联合国相当满意。但当现在联合国有190多个国家且代表了一个全面的人类社群时，（这些发达国家）又开始觉得联合国繁冗复杂，宁愿在联合国以外行动。那这就是我认为的与民主原则所相悖的，而任何人都不应如此“双标”。
I would argue that democracy is important in international relations, not only within countries but also between countries.When there were 40, 50, or 60 states in the UN, the developed world, both democratic and non-democratic, was quite content with the UN. When the UN included more than 190 states, reflecting an all-in-touch community, they felt it was cumbersome and difficult to respond to, and they preferred to do business outside the UN. That's not a concept that relates to democratic principles. So one cannot have double standards in doing this.
《环球时报》：在过去的几年里，中美关系严重恶化。在美国的打压下，中国外交开辟了一条属于自己的道路。您认为中国辟出的这条道路对其他国家有什么启迪？
GT:In the past few years, China-US relations have experienced a severe deterioration.Under the suppression of the US, China's diplomacy has forged a path of its own. What enlightenment do you think this road has for other countries?
法赫米：中国数代人都在追求温和的外交道路，特别是在全球范围内，它把自己定位为发展中国家的亲密朋友而非世界大国。中国经济近年来快速增长，相应地，中国对市场和资源都会有更大的需求。因此，坦率来说，中国也自然会更愿意参与到全球事务中去。我记得几年前，当中国谈到准备在全球层面的经济改革中发挥领导作用时，经济界对此反应非常好。同时，这也让西方的一些战略分析家感到惊讶，因为他们已习惯于独占领导地位。
Fahmy:Now, China has for generations been pursuing what we call a soft and modest diplomatic path, especially globally, where it has positioned itself as a close friend to the developing world, rather than as a major power with its economic growth. Naturally, it had more needs for markets, and it had more needs for resources. Therefore, frankly, it had more interest in being an engaged partner in the global community. I remember a few years ago when China talked about being ready to embrace a leading role in economic reform at the global level, which was very well received by the economic community. At the same time, it surprised some strategic analysts in the West because they were used to being the ones who defined that alone.
所以，我认为中国在政策上的转变是很自然的。我近年来在文章中反复强调，中国不只是正在登上国际舞台，事实上，中国已经成为了国际社会的重要一员。我非常开心见到越来越多的人开始认为中国将在政治以及经济方面发挥更大作用。我唯一想强调的一点就是，作为一个发展中国家，我们想要一个更公平的世界，我们想要一个建立在法治这一基础上的世界，以及一个在本质上遵从多边主义的世界秩序。
So I find the Chinese shift in policy natural. I've been writing for years that not only is China coming, but China has actually arrived in the international community. People started to believe that there would be political as well as economic engagement by China. So I'm quite happy with this.The only point I would emphasize as a developing country is that we want a more equitable world. We want a world based on the rule of law and a world order that is fundamentally multilateral.
《环球时报》：您对中阿命运共同体的构建有什么期望？
GT:What are your expectations for the establishment of a China-Arab community with a shared future?
法赫米：首先，中阿之间的接触一直令人印象深刻，双方都非常坦诚。去年12月，在沙特举行的首届中国－阿拉伯国家峰会，中国国家主席习近平受到了沙特的热烈欢迎并同其他阿拉伯国家领导人举行了会晤。众多阿拉伯国家的领导人都承诺将在未来几年内落实总价值约300亿美元的各类项目。
Fahmy:First of all, China-Arab engagement has been very impressive, and it's been very open from both sides.At the most recent meeting in Saudi Arabia, where the Chinese president was welcomed in a bilateral visit and also met with Arab leaders, a significant number of Arab leaders committed to projects worth $30 billion over the next few years.
有趣的是，这些项目不仅包含基础设施的建设，还包含了各类与数字安全、网络安全、环境及新能源相关的项目，向我们展示了新的开放性和新接触模式。大部分阿拉伯世界过去在市场和经济方面都是西方导向的。而在今天，中国是海湾地区及北非的阿拉伯国家最大的贸易伙伴之一，且在地区内均进行过非常重要的投资。不仅如此，中国对包括我的国家埃及在内的中东许多国家的重要能源资源以及非洲的特殊矿物等重要资源始终抱有兴趣。所以，我对这种接触模式持乐观态度。
But interestingly enough, it wasn't only infrastructure projects. It was a project encompassing digital security, cyber security, the environment, and new clean energy. So it shows you new openness and a new engagement.Much of the Arab world used to be Western-oriented in terms of markets and the economy. Today, China is one of the largest trading partners with a number of Arab countries in the Gulf, as well as in North Africa, where it has made very significant investments.In many countries, including my own country, Egypt, China will continue to be interested in significant energy resources from the Middle East, as well as significant resources in special minerals in Africa. I'm optimistic about the engagement.
我一直对我的埃及朋友、阿拉伯朋友和我的中国朋友强调的唯一一点是，我们在政府层面有着良好的关系，同时我们也需要让更多的人参与进来。这样，当中国的产业、市场和企业进入阿拉伯市场时，他们就会了解如何在这里做生意，反之亦然。像埃及很多公司都会在中国广州投资，他们只有真正在中国立足并与中国同行直接打交道，才能学会如何在中国开展贸易。因此，更多的人文交流在中阿交往中是很重要的，我对双方关系的进一步发展始终保持乐观态度。
The only point I keep making to my Egyptian friends, my Arab friends and my Chinese friends is that we have excellent relations at government-to-government level.We need to let more people engage, so that when Chinese industries, markets, and firms come to the Arab markets, they understand how to do business in that market and vice versa. We have Egyptian firms investing in Guangzhou in China. They only learned to do business when they actually established themselves in China and dealt with their Chinese counterparts directly.So more people-to-people engagements are important between the Arab world and China. And I look toward to the relationship with optimism.
英文原文：《环球时报》，2023年3月6日
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