小 i 导 读
中马友谊大桥不仅是联通马尔代夫首都马累与机场岛的交通要道，更是中国以互联互通、对话合作、包容共赢为内核的国际参与之道的生动缩影。从实体基建之桥到经贸合作之桥、文明互鉴之桥、和平对话之桥，中国以 “建桥” 思维跨越隔阂、化解分歧、促进共同发展；在逆全球化思潮抬头、“脱钩断链”风险加剧的当下，为全球治理与国际关系提供了兼具东方智慧与实践价值的中国方案。
北京大学国际关系学院教授、中外人文交流研究基地执行主任王栋在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，当前国际关系中“脱钩断链”“小院高墙”等行为，不仅违背经济规律和市场规则，也与国际社会共同利益背道而驰。他强调，中国通过高水平对外开放与务实调解实践，致力于弱化零和竞争，为冲突地区注入复苏与治理动能。
本文英文原文2026年3月17日发表于《中国日报》（China Daily），原标题为《桥梁映鉴中国外交之路》（Bridges reflect nation's path of diplomacy），北京大学中外人文交流研究基地作中文编译。
2018年8月，中马友谊大桥正式向公众开放时，时任马尔代夫外交部国务部长的法泽尔·纳吉布并没有站在仪式观礼台上。
相反，他在排队等候。
他骑着摩托车，与成千上万普通马尔代夫民众一起缓缓前行，所有人都满心期待体验这个国家前所未有的新事物——通过公路跨海通行。
“那种感觉真的很好。”2024年12月起担任马尔代夫驻华大使的纳吉布回忆道。
对纳吉布而言，这座大桥远不止是连接马累与马尔代夫主要国际机场所在地胡鲁马累的捷径。
纳吉布表示，此前往返两地需乘坐渡轮，耗时最长可达30分钟，遇上恶劣海况还会全面停运，如今驱车仅需10分钟。
“这座桥梁不仅显著提升了城市之间的连通性，还在支持经济活动、旅游业和社会融合方面发挥了重要作用，为马尔代夫的长期发展和韧性建设注入动能。”他说。
When the China-Maldives Friendship Bridge opened to the public in August 2018, Fazeel Najeeb — then the Maldives' minister of state for foreign affairs — was not standing on a ceremonial stage.
Instead, he was waiting in line.
Riding his motorcycle, he edged forward alongside thousands of ordinary Maldivians, all eager to experience something their country had never known before — crossing the sea by road.
"It felt really good," recalled Najeeb, who has been serving as the Maldives' ambassador to China since December 2024.
For Najeeb, the bridge represents far more than a shortcut between Male and Hulhumale, home to the country's main international airport.
What once required a ferry journey of up to 30 minutes — sometimes suspended altogether due to rough seas — now takes just 10 minutes by road, he said.
"This bridge has not only significantly enhanced urban connectivity, but also played an important role in supporting economic activity, tourism and social integration, thereby contributing to the Maldives' long-term development and resilience," he said.
中马友谊大桥通桥当天景象，图源《马尔代夫的大桥梦》
自2018年开通以来，中马友谊大桥的通行量已突破了1亿人次。
该项目可追溯至2014年9月，当时习近平主席对马尔代夫进行国事访问，马尔代夫也是中国提出的“一带一路”倡议的最早参与国之一。
这座由钢铁和混凝土建成的大桥，其承载的意义早已超越工程本身，也超越了马尔代夫本身。
有观察人士表示，这座桥梁的建设体现出了一种发展理念：强调互联互通而非排斥孤立、合作共赢而非对抗冲突、共享增长而非零和博弈。
Since its opening in 2018, the bridge has seen more than 100 million crossings.
The project traces its origins to September 2014, when President Xi Jinping made a state visit to the Maldives, one of the earliest participants in the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative.
Built of steel and concrete, the bridge carries meaning beyond engineering — and beyond the Maldives itself.
It reflects a development philosophy that emphasizes connectivity over exclusion, cooperation over confrontation, and shared growth over zero-sum competition, observers said.
远眺中马友谊大桥，图源《马尔代夫的大桥梦》
在全球壁垒高筑、分裂加剧的当下，中国正越来越多地通过“搭建桥梁”来诠释自身的国际参与之道，无论是实体的桥梁、经济的桥梁还是外交的桥梁。这一愿景长期以来也在习近平主席的外交论述中得到显著体现。
2014年4月，习近平主席在比利时布鲁日欧洲学院发表演讲时指出，在弗拉芒语中，布鲁日就是“桥”的意思。
“桥不仅方便了大家的生活，同时也是沟通、理解、友谊的象征。”习近平主席说。习近平主席随后提出，要共同努力建造和平、增长、改革、文明四座桥梁，建设更具全球影响力的中欧全面战略伙伴关系。
2015年博鳌亚洲论坛年会上，习近平主席引用中国古代思想家孟子的话，“夫物之不齐，物之情也。”指出不同文明没有优劣之分，只有特色之别。他倡导让文明交流互鉴成为增进各国人民友谊的桥梁、推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带。
2016年，在欢迎出席二十国集团领导人杭州峰会的外方嘉宾时，习近平主席将二十国集团比作友谊之桥、合作之桥、未来之桥，呼吁打造一个创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济。
商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员周密表示，“一带一路”倡议也是构建全方位、多层次、复合型互联互通网络的重要桥梁之一，推动多条合作路径交汇融合，提升中国经济韧性。
分析人士表示，中国已与150多个国家和30多个国际组织签署“一带一路”合作文件。相关项目投资已超过1万亿美元，合作项目数量超过4000个。这些数据充分表明，互联互通已成为中国国际参与的鲜明标识。
At a time when walls are rising and divisions are hardening around the world, China is increasingly defining its international engagement through bridge-building — physical, economic and diplomatic. That vision has long been featured prominently in President Xi's diplomatic language.
In April 2014, during a speech at the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, Xi noted that in the Flemish language, Bruges means "bridge".
"A bridge not only makes life more convenient; it could also be a symbol of communication, understanding and friendship," Xi said. He later proposed building four bridges — a bridge of peace, a bridge of growth, a bridge of reform and a bridge of progress of civilization, to forge a China-European Union comprehensive strategic partnership with greater global influence.
At the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2015, Xi quoted the ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius, saying, "Things are born to be different," and noting that civilizations are unique and none is inherently superior to another. He advocated intercivilizational exchanges to build bridges of friendship among peoples, advance human progress and safeguard world peace.
While welcoming foreign guests attending the G20 Hangzhou Summit in 2016, Xi described the G20 as a bridge of friendship, a bridge of cooperation and a bridge of future, calling for an "innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive" world economy.
Zhou Mi, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said the Belt and Road Initiative is also one of the bridges that represent an open, multitiered and composite network of connectivity, allowing multiple routes of cooperation to intersect and enhancing economic resilience.
China has signed Belt and Road cooperation documents with more than 150 countries and over 30 international organizations. Investment in Belt and Road projects has surpassed $1 trillion, with the number of cooperation projects exceeding 4,000. These figures underscore how connectivity has become a defining feature of China's global engagement, observers noted.
中欧班列，图源新华社
包容的互联互通
中国通过降低关税、减少非关税壁垒、推进贸易和投资便利化等举措，着力打造包容的互联互通格局，这亦是“搭建桥梁”理念的生动实践。周密补充表示。
针对部分非洲国家在其他地区遭遇关税壁垒高筑的困境，自5月1日起，中国将给予与中国建交的53个非洲国家100%税目产品零关税待遇，助力非洲共享中国大市场的巨大机遇。
数据显示，中国年进口额超过20万亿元（2.9万亿美元），是近80个国家和地区的主要出口目的地。
北京大学国际关系学院教授、中外人文交流研究基地执行主任王栋表示，当前逆全球化思潮抬头，“脱钩断链”、供应链受阻、构筑 “小院高墙” 等行为，不仅违背经济规律和市场规则，也与国际社会的共同利益背道而驰。
“通过以高水平对外开放推动高质量发展，中国助力弱化国际关系中的零和竞争，提升受冲突影响地区的复苏能力与治理能力。”王栋表示。
除了经济层面，桥梁也承载着政治意义。观察人士提出，在紧张局势加剧之时，中国会愈加将对话本身视为一种互联互通——不仅仅是修辞，而是连接分歧立场之间的外交之桥。
王栋表示，当代冲突日益复杂且具有跨国性质，往往被极化的叙事所放大。在这种情况下，依赖制裁、胁迫或军事手段往往会加剧安全困境，使各方陷入长期对抗的僵局。
Inclusive connectivity
Beijing's emphasis on inclusive connectivity — through reducing tariffs, lowering nontariff barriers, and promoting trade and investment facilitation — can also be seen as a form of bridge-building, Zhou added.
As some African countries face mounting tariff barriers elsewhere, China will fully implement zero-tariff treatment for 100 percent of taxable imports from 53 African countries that have diplomatic ties with China, starting on May 1, to help Africa access the enormous opportunities of the Chinese market.
Data shows that China's annual imports exceeded 20 trillion yuan ($2.9 trillion) and the nation serves as a major export destination for nearly 80 countries and regions.
Wang Dong, a professor and executive director of the Institute for Global Cooperation and Understanding at Peking University, said that current anti-globalization trends — including decoupling, supply chain disruptions and the creation of "small yards with high fences" — not only violate economic laws and market rules, but also run counter to the common interests of the international community.
"By promoting high-level openness to facilitate high-quality development, China helps weaken zero-sum competition in international relations and enhances the recovery and governance capacity of regions affected by conflicts," Wang said.
Beyond economics, bridges also carry political meaning. In times of heightened tension, observers said, China increasingly treats dialogue itself as a form of connectivity — not merely as rhetoric, but as a diplomatic bridge between divided positions.
Wang said that contemporary conflicts are increasingly complex and transnational, often amplified by polarized narratives, adding that under such conditions, reliance on sanctions, coercion or military means tends to intensify security dilemmas and lock parties into prolonged confrontation.
总部设在中国香港的国际调解院，图源新华社
强调对话
观察人士提出，对话并不能消除分歧，但它就像一座横跨两岸的桥梁，让接触成为可能，而隔绝只会加深不信任——让分歧得以管控而非激化。
这种“搭建桥梁”理念可见于中国近期为缓解伊朗周边紧张局势所作的外交努力中：加强与相关各方沟通，并在防止地区冲突外溢日益紧迫之际，向该地区派遣特使。
外交部长王毅已与冲突直接参与国、地区国家以及大国的外长举行了十余次电话会谈，强调武力解决不了问题，只会增添新的仇恨。
从2023年推动沙特阿拉伯与伊朗实现和解，到2024年主持14个巴勒斯坦派别签署《北京宣言》，再到去年在柬埔寨-泰国边境紧张局势升级后开展穿梭外交，中国致力于发挥桥梁纽带作用，着力在对话破裂处重建沟通渠道。
中国人民大学教授崔守军表示，秉承中华传统文化中“以和为贵”的理念，中国主张通过对话与相互理解化解分歧，而非将自身意志强加于人。
崔守军表示，去年国际调解院的成立，鲜明体现了这一具有中国特色的冲突解决之道。通过促成争端各方坐到一起，搭建沟通空间，调解有助于增进互信、弥合分歧。
Dialogue emphasized
Dialogue does not dissolve differences, observers noted, but like a bridge spanning two distant shores, it makes engagement possible where isolation would only deepen mistrust — allowing disagreements to be managed rather than magnified.
This bridge-building approach can be seen in China's recent diplomatic efforts to help defuse tensions surrounding Iran by strengthening communication with relevant parties and sending a special envoy to the region at a time when preventing a wider regional spillover has become increasingly urgent.
Foreign Minister Wang Yi has held more than 10 phone calls with his counterparts from countries that are directly involved in the conflict or are countries in the region or major powers, stressing that military force is not the solution and armed conflicts will only breed new hatred.
From facilitating reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran in 2023, to hosting the signing of the Beijing Declaration by 14 Palestinian factions in 2024, and conducting shuttle diplomacy following renewed tensions along the Cambodia-Thailand border last year, China has sought to act as a connector and focused on rebuilding channels of communication where dialogue had collapsed.
Rooted in the traditional Chinese cultural belief that "harmony is most precious", China emphasizes dialogue and mutual understanding rather than imposing outcomes, said Cui Shoujun, a professor at Renmin University of China.
The establishment of the International Organization for Mediation last year reflects this distinctly Chinese approach to conflict resolution, Cui said, adding that by bringing parties in a dispute together and creating space for communication, mediation helps to build trust and bridge divisions.
原文：中国日报
中文编译：李书漫
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